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Berwick Upon Tweed Books And Magazines
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About Berwick Upon Tweed - show infohide info
Berwick-upon-Tweed is the northernmost town in England, at the mouth of the River Tweed. It lies on the borders of England and Scotland, but the current border claims it as part of England. When it belonged to Scotland, Berwick upon Tweed resided in the county of Berwickshire. Berwick’s tumultuous history has meant that between the years 1147 and 1482, the town changed ownership between Scotland and England over 13 times, and played host to many border wars. In 1174, Berwick was paid as part of the ransom of William I of Scotland to Henry II of England. Berwick upon Tweed was then sold to Scotland by Richard I of England, to raise money to pay for the Crusades, but was then ravaged in 1216 by King John of England. On 1 April 1318, Berwick upon Tweed was captured back by the Scottish. Berwick Castle also fell to them after a three-month siege. Berwick was re-seized by the English following the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333. Finally, in 1482 Richard III claimed Berwick for England, and it has been that way since. However, due to Berwick’s position on the North side of the River, many claim it should belong to Scotland. Until the Reform Act of 1885 Berwick was quite independent from England and Scotland, and had the status of a `Free Burgh' meaning that it had to be mentioned separately in Acts of Parliament. It was because of this that until the 1960s Berwick was still technically at war with Russia. The declaration signed for Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, Ireland, Berwick-upon-Tweed and all British Dominions" for war against Russia did not have Berwick included in the peace treaty. The accent of Berwick locals is known as 'Tweedside', and is a combination of Lowland Scots and the Northumbrian accent. It sounds distinctly more Scottish, probably owing to the fact that Berwick is nearer to the Scottish capital Edinburgh than to Newcastle, which is the main centre of North East England. Perhaps this is also why the English town of Berwick has a football team (Berwick Rangers F.C) that plays in the Scottish Football League. Berwick’s modern industry includes engineering, shipbuilding, textiles, sawmilling, salmon fishing, and the production of fertilizer.
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